Automatic and manually operated clutch



March 6, 1951 c. H. RICHARDS AUTOMATIC AND MANUALLY OPERATED' CLUTCH 4 Sheets-SheetI l Filed May 20, 1946 INVENTOR. MMA/MQ,

C. H. RICHARDS AUTOMATIC AND MANUALLY OPERATED CLUTCH March 6,# 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 20, 1946 1N VEN TOR. @WMM/MM March 6, 1951 c. H. RICHARDS AUTOMATIC AND MANUALLY OPERATED CLUTCH 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May 2o, 194e IN V EN TOR.

March 6, 1951 c. RICHARDS AUTOMATIC AND MANUALLY OPERATED CLUTCH 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 20. 1946 MSN BDN

w3 md.

Patented Mar. 6, 1,95

UNITED STATES OFFICE AUTOMATIC AND MANUALLY OPERATED f, CLUTCH Carroll H. Richards, Boston, Mass.

Application May 20, 1946, Serial No. 671,089

21 Claims. 1

This invention relates to clutches, which mayr be engaged or disengaged under load silently at any speed of the driving and driven members and with comparatively little effort, and also clutches of the automatic type which are engaged and disengaged at a predetermined speed, usually of the driving member. Mechanism of this clutch is an outgrowth of the mechanism disclosed in the applicants Patent No. 2,407,099.

One object of the Vinvention is to provide a clutch particularly for heavy duty work, that may be manually, engaged or disengaged easily and silently under load, regardless of the speed of the driving and driven elements and the magy Another object of the invention is to provide y an automatic clutch; in which one of the engaging members must attain a predetermined speed, before positive engagement is had. Also to provide a clutch of the automatic type, in which a predetermined amount of slippage may or may not be had, before the nal engagement or disengagement of the driving and driven members.

Another object of the invention is to provide a clutch of the afore described characteristics,` namely: clutched, regardless of the speed of the driving easily and silently declutched -orl driving power to the driven member, when the driving member is rotating and the clutch is not inv driving engagement, which is caused by the friction between the parts.

Heretofore, clutches having positive driving connections could not be engaged or disengaged under load at any speed. It has been possible to engage the positive clutch parts at speed by employing means to synchronize the male and female members of the clutch before engagement. But these clutches have not been satisfactory for heavy loads. Since the driving vconnection in this invention employs gears in mesh or their equivalent, and the gears are rolled in and out of positive driving connections, all the former difficulties of engagement and disengagement at speed and under load have been eliminated.

Automatic clutches employed in the construction of present automotive vehicles cannot be made inoperative manually, and the speed of the driving element be made greater than the predetermined speed, at which the driving and driven members of the clutch become substantially positively drivingly connected. In present automotive vehicles employing automatic clutches, to disconnect the driving power, when the speed of the driving element would cause the driving connections to be completed, a conventional plate clutch is installed in the vehicle to i cooperate with the automatic clutch, and the and driven members and the magnitude of the load, that may be operated solely automatically,

solely manually or a single clutch unit, that may be operated either manually or automatically.

Another object of the invention is to provideY an automatic clutch, of the afore described characteristics, wherein the predetermined speeds at which the driving and driven members are engaged or disengaged, may be changed by the interchanging of usually only one part, or by simple adjustment of the mechanism.

Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic clutch, that by simple means op plate clutch is manually operated. The immediate foregoing statements apply particularly to the fluid drive or fluid-flywheel type of automatic clutch. It will be pointed out in the following specification, that one unit of this invention replaces the two units now employed to secure the same characteristics of performance.

The very large majority of automatic clutches employed in the construction of automotive vehicles, once designed to have final driving connection, at a predetermined speed of the driving element, this predetermined Vspeed cannot be changed without substantially changing the entire design of the clutch. Also the amount of slippage that can be had before final engagement of the driving connection cannot be changed without changing the entire design of the clutch. This invention provides a clutch, in which the amount of slippage and the predetermined speed of the driving element at which the finaldriving connections are had, may be changed by reasonably simple adjustments in the clutch itself and no radical change of the mechanism is required.

The amount of drag of present automatic clutches (this term drag was explained before herein), cannot be changed without a complete new design of the clutch, usually particularly the housing of the clutch. ThisI invention provides a clutch in which the amount of drag can easily be varied by a simple adjustment of the mechanism of the clutch parts.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a manually operated clutch, with the cover plate of the housing removed, embodying the invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the clutch taken along line 2 2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an inside p-lan View of one part of the rotor of the clutch shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 4 is an isometric view of one of the links, employed in the construction of the clutch shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a sectional View of the clutch taken along line 5 5 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the clutch taken along line 5--6 in Fig. 5.

Fig. 'l is a detailed view of pins employed in connecting the links of the clutch shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is an inside plan view of the other part of the rotor of the clutch shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of an automatic clutch embodying the invention, disclosing its automatic mechanism, having partvof the housing broken away, and with'some parts in section.

Fig. 10 is a sectional View of the clutch taken along line iii-l in Fig. 9.

Fig. 1l is a plan view of a detail cf the autolmatic mechanism of the clutch.

Fig. 12 is an end View of a member of the automatic mechanism of the clutch, which functions in the clutching and declutching performance and is responsive to the centrifugal force caused by the rotations of the driving member 0f the clutch.

Fig. 13 is a bifurcated member for manually' declutching.

Fig. 14 is a plan View of one of the parts of the automatic mechanism of the clutch, including a disc portion, which functions in the manual clutching and declutching.

Fig. 15 is a full longitudinal sectional View, of another design of an automatic clutch, embodying the invention, with some parts in elevation and particularly adapted for light Work.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of the automatic clutch, taken along line Iii-i6 in Fig. l5, with the housing and shifting finger removed and some parts shown in section not cut by line f Fig. 17 is a plan View of one of the swivels employed in the construction of the automatic clutch shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 18 is a plan view of the brake shoes, which function to eliminate the drag afore described and showing the limiting ring in place, to limit the movement of the brake shoes.

Referring to the drawings (see Fig. A is the driving shaft, which is journaled in ball bearing 20 conventionally held in end H1 of the housing H (see Figs. 1 and 5). 'The end H1 ts into housing H in the conventional manner and the end H1 and the housing H are held together by bolts (not shown) which pierce holes 2| and are threaded into holes of the housing of the power unit.

Driven shaft B is journaled in ball bearing 22, conventionally held in the housing H and ball bearing 23 held in receptacle 24 of projection 25 integral with the housing H. Also driven shaft B is journaled in ball bearing 26, held in receptacle 2, of spur gear C integral with driving shaft A. An enlarged portion B1 of driven shaft B, includes a shoulder 28, which abuts the inner ring of ball bearing 26, and locates ball bearing 26 in receptacle 21 of spur gear C.

A rotatable member D is made in two parts D1 and D2 (see Figs. 1, 3, .5 and :8). Parts D1 and D2 of rotatable member D are located concentrically and prevented from turning relatively to each other, about the common axis of rotation of shaftsA and B, Aby'lugs 29 of part D1 tting into slots 39 of part D2. Parts D1 and D2 are held together .by bolts 3 I, which pierce part D2 in holes 32 and are threaded in holes 33 in part D1 (see Figs. 1, 3 and 8). lPart D1 of rotatable member D iskeyed to driven shaft B by key and keyways 34. The outer end of the. hub of part D1 abuts an end of the inner ring of ball bearing 23 and the inner end of the hub of part D1 abuts a shoulder 35, included in the enlarged portion B1 of shaft B, and the rotatable member D is located longitudinally relatively to shaft B and shaft B is located longitudinally relatively to the housing H. Part D2, of rotatable member D, is mounted on ball bearing 36 in receptacle 31 of part D2 and `ball bearing 36 is mounted on driving shaft A. A ring 38 surrounds shaft A. One of the ends of ring 38 abuts the end of the inner ring of ball bearing 36 and the other end of ring 38 abuts an end of the inner ring of ball bearing 20, and the driving shaft A is prevented from moving toward the driving end of the clutch relatively to the housing H.

Trunnion blocks vE have shaft portions 39 and 40 integral with them and projecting from opposite ends of the trunnion blocks E. Shaft portions 40 vare longer than shaft portions 39. Shaft portions 39, of the trunnion blocks E, are journaled in bushings 4i, located in holes 42 in part D2 of the rotatable member D. Bushings 4| have ange vportions 43, which abut bosses encircling the shaft portions 39 at one set of ends of the trunnion kblocks E and these flange portions 43 are adapted to receive any thrust in their direction from trunnion blocks E. Shaft portions 40, of trunnion blocks E, are journaled in split bushings 44, in holes 45 in part D1 of the rotatable member D. Split bushings 44 have flange portions 4 6, one set of these flange portions 46, abut bosses encircling shaft portions 49 at kone set of ends of trunnion blocks E and these ange portions 46 are adapted to receive thrusts in their direction from trunnion rblocks E. Trunnion blocks E are free to oscillate with their shaft portions 39 and 49 in bushings 4l and split bushings 44, in holes 42 and 45, inparts`D2 and D1 of rotatable'member D respectively.

Trunnion blocks E have apertures 47, in which are journaled shafts F, in ball bearings 48, ball bearings 48 being located in suitable receptacles in trunnion blocks E. Shafts F have heads 49, whose'inner sides abut the ends of the inner rings of the adjacent ball bearings 48 and prevents shafts F from movement longitudinally inward toward the'apertures 41. In the centers of the heads '49 of shafts F are receptacles 50 to receive balls 5l and part of the balls 5I extend beyond the outer surfaces of the heads 49 (see Fig. 1). Plugs 52 t tight in holes 53 of the trunnion blocks E and are further held in place by taper pins 54, which pierce the plugs 52 and trunnion blocks in holes not designated. The inner surfaces of plugs 52 contact the balls 5|, and prevent the shafts F from movement outwardly lone gitudinally away from the apertures i? of trunnion blocks E, yet permit the shafts F to rotate freely in the ball bearings 48.

Keyed to shafts F, by means of keys and keyways 55 are spiral gears G, which mesh with spur gear C. The helical angle of spiral gear G at present is preferably 60 and since spiral gears G, mesh with spur gear C` integral with driving shaft A, the axis of shafts F must make angles of 60 with the common axis of rotation of driving shaft A and driven shaft B. The ends of the hubs of helical gears G abut the adjacent ends of the inner rings of ball bearings 48 and ball bearings 88 are prevented from moving out of their receptacles (not designated) in trunnion block E.

Keyed to the longer shaft portions 40, integral with trunnion blocks E, by keys and keyways 5l are shoes I. Shoes I are located longitudinally on shaft portions 58 by the ends of the outer hubs of shoes .I abutting the ends of spring rings 58 of the conventional spring ring and groove construction as shown, and by the inner ends of the inner hubs'of shoes I abutting the flange portions 46 ofthe split bushings s4. The outside surface of shoes I or those surfaces farthest away from the center of rotation of the clutch parts are cylindrical, and the curvature of these cylindrical surfaces are the same as the curvature of the inner cylindrical surfaces of guides J. When the inner cylindrical surfaces of guides J contact completely the outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I, as disclosed inF-ig. 2, the clutch is in the declutched relation.

Guides J have lugs 59, which have holes 68. Rods 8l slidably fit into holes 68 of lugs 59 of guides J and guides J are free to slide over rods 8l. Rods 6I t tightly into holes in projections 62 and 83 integral with the housing H and are held in place by taper pins 8d, which pierce the rods ti and the projections 62. The chamfered portions 85, of the inner cylindrical surfaces of guides .l (see Fig. 2), are for the purpose of diminishing the amount of travel of the guides J Y away from the shoes I and have positive driving connections, which will be more fully explained in that which follows.

Springs K encircle rods 6 I, and have their seats on the adjacent end of the lugs 59 and normally keep the guides J out of contact with shoes I, so that normally the clutch parts are in positive driving connection.

One set of the ends, of links 68 (see Figs. l, 2 and 5), moveably. t into slots 88 of the upper guide J and pins i8, such as the pin shown in Fig. 7, having heads on one of their ends, as shown and holes, at their opposite ends, adapted to receive a tapered pin, pierce holes in the guide J and the holes in the ends of links 85. Pins i8 fit tightly in the holes in the guide J and loosely in the holes in the ends of the links 68 and links t8 may oscillate about these pins i8 (see Figs. l and 2). Taper pins ll pierce the guides and the holes in pin 'F8 and hold pins 18 in place.

Links 65 have holes near the center of their longitudinal dimensions, and these holes are pierced by a rod l2, which is held in holes I8 in projections 'is integral with the housing H (see Figs. l, 5 and 6). Rod l2 is located in place, by a tapered pin l5 which pierces one of the projections lll and the rod l2. Links 66 are adapted to rock on rod l2. Links 56 are located longitudinally on rod l2, by one set of the sides of links 66 abutting the ends of projections "l5 and by the other set of sides of links 68 abutting the ends of a spacer tube l5, which is supported by rod T3 (see Figs. l, 5 and 6). One set of ends of links 8l (see Figs. l, 2, 5 and 6) fit moveably into slots 69 of the lower guide J and pins l?, such as shown in Fig. 7, enter holes in the lower guide J and holes in the ends of links 8l; Pins 1'! fit tightly in the holes in the lower guide J and loosely in the holes in the ends of links 8l and links 61 may oscillate about these pins ll. Taper pins i8 pierce the lower guide J and the holes in the pins 'Il and hold pins Il in place.

Links 8l have holes near the center of their longitudinal dimensions and these holes are loosely pierced by pins T9, such as shown in Fig. 7. Pins i9 fit tightly into holes 88 in projections 8l integral with the housing H and are held in place by taper pins 82, which pierce projections 8l and the holes in pins le. Links 6l are free to rock on pins 'IS and are located longitudinally on pins I9, by one set of the sides of links 8l abutting the ends of projections 8i and by the other set of sides of links 8l abutting the inside surface of the heads of pins T9 (see Fig. 7).

The ends of links 88, opposite their ends that fit into the slots 68 of the upperr guide J, fit into one set of the bifurcated ends of links 83 and are free to move therein. Pins 8d enter holes in the ends of links 58 that t into the bifurcated ends of links 83, and holes in the furcations of links 88 and links 88 and links 83 are free to oscillate about pins 81%. These pins Sli are held in place by heads on one set of ends of the pins 8d, being larger in diameter than the holes in links 83, into which pins 85 fit and by the conventional spring ring and groove construction at the set of ends of pins 8d opposite their head ends.

The ends of links 8l opposite their ends, that fit into slots 58 in the lower guide J, fit into the bifurcated ends of links 85 and are free to move therein. Pins 86 enter holes in the ends of links 5l, that fit into the bifurcated ends of links 85 and holes in the furcations of links 85 and links 8l and links 85 are free to oscillate about pins 86. These pins 86 are held in place, by their heads on one set of ends of pins 85, being larger in diameter than the holes in links 85, into which pins 86 fit and by the conventional spring ring and groove construction at the ends of pins 8'6 opposite their head ends. rThe other bifurcated ends of links 83 t into bifurcated ends of links 85, the furcation of links 85 being farther apart than the furcations of links 83 (see Fig. 6). Links 8l fit into the bicurcations of links 83, which in turn fit into the bifurcations of links 85, which has just been explained. Pins 88 enter holes in the bifurcations of links 85 and links 83 and the end of 4link 8l, and links 83, B5 and 8l are free to oscillate about pin 88. These pins 88 are held in place by their heads on one set of their ends, being larger in diameter than the holes in the links 83, 85, and 87 into which pins 88 fit and by the conventional spring ring and groove construction at'the ends of pins 88 opposite their head ends. y

The other ends of links 8l fit into the bifurcations of links 89 (see Figs. 4 and 5). Pins 96 enter the holes in the ends of vlinks 8l, that fit into the bifurcation of links 88 and holes in the bifurcations of links 89 and the links 8l and 88 are free to oscillate about pins 58. These pins 98 are held in place by heads on one set of their ends and by the conventional spring ring and groove construction at the ends of pins 88 opposite their head ends.

Links 89 are supported by a shaft 9! in holes 92 (see Fig. Ll) and are located on and rotatively attached to shaft 9i by tapered pins 93, which pierce the shaft 9i and links 88 in holes 94 of links 8S (see Fig. 4).

Shaft 9| is journaled at one lof its ends in one of the projections 95 (Fig. 6) integral with the housing H, in bushing 96 located in hole Sl in projection 95 and is journaled at its opposite end in the other projection 95 integral with the housing H, in bushing 98 located in hole 99 of this projection 95. Hole .99 located in this projection 95, also passes through the lwall of the housing H and is surrounded by a boss Hill, integral with the outside of the housing H. Bushing 98 terminates flush with the face of boss |06 and vshaft 9| extends beyond the face of boss |90. The .hub of a crank fits over this extending portion of the shaft 9| and is rotatively attached to shaft 9| by the conventional construction, in which the hub is split on one side and a bolt |02 loosely pierces the portion of the hub on'one side of the split and is threaded in that portion of the hub on the opposite side of the split (see Figs. 1 and 6). opposite end of the crank lill is provided with an enlarged boss portion ID3 having a hole ii adapted to receive 'a pin to connect a link (not shown) to crank li for the purpose of transmitting motion to the crank A cover plate |95 is fastened to the housing H, by means of bolts |66 threaded into holes i'l in the flanges of the housing H (see Figs. 1, 5 and 6). Bolts |06 have a conventional type of lock-washer under their heads to prevent them from turning, when the bolts are tightened to secure the cover plate |65 to the housing H.

The immediate foregoing described mechanism is that of a manually operated clutch embodying the invention and its operation is de- :i

scribed in that which follows. Assume that the driving shaft A is revolving in either direction of rotation, that the links 83, 85, 8l, 89 are in The their positions as shown by full lines and that particularly the inside cylindrical surfaces of guides J coincide completely with outside cylindrical surfaces of the shoes I (see Fig. 2). Also, that springs K are depressed as shown in Figs. 2 and 6. With the parts of the mechanism in the positions just described, the revolving of `shaft A will not impart any rotation to the rotatable member D. The part D1 of the rotatable member D,`being keyed to driven shaft B by key and keyways 3d, no rotation will be imparted to driven shaft B. Therefore the parts of the clutch are in relative positions to each other, such that the driving shaft A cannot transmit its rotation to the driven shaft B and the crank lili has been moved into the position to cause the relative positions of the parts of the clutch as just described. Since the inner cylindrical surfacesof guides J are in complete contact with the outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I, the shaft portions d0 integral with the trunnion blocks` E cannot turn in their bearings consisting of split bushings @il in holes in part Dl of rotatable member D. Shaft portions 39, integral with trunnion blocks E, cannot turn in their bearings consisting of bushing 4|, in holes 432 in part D2 of rotatable member D. Because shaft portions 39 and El) cannot turn, for the foregoing reasons, trunnion blocks E cannot tilt, and therefore hold helical gears G to mesh prop- `erly with spur gear C integral with driving shaft A and spur gear C due to the rotation of driving shaft Acause spiral gears G to idle. Since spiral gears G are keyed to shaft F by keys and keyways 55, shaftvF rotates in ball bearings 8 in the trunnion blocks E and no driving force is transmitted to rotatable member D, which 8- through its part VD1 -is keyed to driven shaft B by key and keyways 34 and therefore no .driving force is transmitted to driven shaft B.

Due to the force necessary to idle vhelical gear G, there would be a tendency to rotate vrotatable member D, b'utthis is resisted by the inner cylindrical surface of the guides J contacting the outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I with sufficient pressure to function as the clutch brake.

Assuming that 4driving shaft A is rotating, by moving crank v||| vaway from the observer, as viewed in Fig. 6, springs K .act and since they push against the ends of lugs 59, integral with guides J, lugs 59v having holes 60 which are slidablypierced by rods 6|, slide over rods 6| and the inner cylindrical surfaces of guides J move away from outer cylindrical surfaces of the shoes I. This movement of guides J is transmitted through pins l0 to move links 56 which rock on rod l2, and through pins to move links 6l which rock on pins I9, afore described. This rocking motion of links 66 and 6l is caused by the movement of link 89, by movement of the crank itil transmitted to link 89 through shaft 9| aided by the springs K. The rocking of links 66 and 6l causes links 83 and 85 to take up positions at or between their full line positions and broken line positions, shown in Fig. 5.

When links 83 and 85 have taken up their positions shown in Ibroken lines, by the movement of crank lill and the aid of springs K, which has been described in the foregoing, links 66 and 6l have rocked to their limit in one direction, also shown in broken lines (see Fig. 5) and the inner cylindrical surface of guides J have taken up their farthest position away from the outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I. Now the driving shaft A will transmit the drive to driven shaft B through spiral gears G, to trunnion block E, and rotatable member D. Gear C, being integral with shaft A causes the trunnion blocks Eto tilt in the opposite direction to the drive, and since the action of the spiral gears is practically the same as racks turning about the center of oscillation of the trunnion blocks E, the teeth of the spiral gears G operate practically like spur gears with infinity as their centers or as racks just described. The teeth of spiral gears G, can be cut so that the tops of the teeth of the helical gears can press against the bottoms of the tooth spaces of the spur gear C, when the trunnion blocks tilt. When the tilting of the trunnion blocks E is per mitted, the tops of the teeth of the spiral gears G press against the bottoms of the tooth spaces of the spur gear C and spiral gears G can not idle and there is a lookup of spiral gears G and spur gear C. Then driving shaft A transmits the drive to driven shaft B.

When the trunnion blocks E tilt, shoes I also tilt and, if guides J are at their farthest point away from shoes I, rotatable member D rotates, carrying shoes I with it and the shoes I clear the guides J, and driving shaft A through the mechanism drives shaft B. To declutch, crank |0| 5 pulled toward the observer as shown in Fig. 6,

rotates shaft 9| to which the crank ||l| is rotatively attached. Links 89 also being rotatively attached to shaft 9| turn with shaft 9| and pull links 8l along toward the driving end of the clutch. The travel of links 8l pulls links 83 and 85 toward their full line positions (see Fig. 5). This movement of links 83 and 85 rock links 65 on rod 'f6 and links 6l on pins 82. This rocking of links 66 and 6l causes guides J, to which links 66 and 61 are attached by pins 'I0 and 'Il respec- It has been stated before herein, that the gears are rolled in and out of position to cause a connection or disconnection of the driving and driven members of the clutch, and this is caused by the tilting of the trunnion block E, in one direction to complete a connection and the opposite direction to complete a disconnection, for the same direction of the drive. When a disconnection is being accomplished, the force required to be applied to the crank IiiI is comparatively small, due to the facts, namely: that the toggle joint formed by links 83 and 85 and the inclined plane functioning of the inner cylindrical surface of the guides J, as they contact the outer cylindrical surfaces of the shoes I, gives the operator of the crank II a great mechanical advantage. The connection of the driving and driven members is permitted by the operating of the crank IIJI, as the spiral gears G are rolled into driving position by the rotation of driving gear C. The clutch may be slipped without prohibitive wear by the operator holding the crank back and not permitting the helical gears G to roll into final driving position, and during this slipping performance links 83 and 85 are not permitted to take up their full line positions, but are stopped some place between their broken line positions (see Fig. 5) to obtain the desired slippage. The entire mechanism is lubricated by running in a bath of lubricant contained in the housing H.

Chamfers 65 of the guides J, function to diminish the distance that guides J must be moved away from shoes I, so that shoes I will clear the guides J, when spiral gears G are in driving positions since it should be obvious that if the chamfers 85 were not' had, the corners of the `guides J could strike shoes I. These chaml fers 65 will not cause any clicking noise, when the guides J completely contact the shoes I, if

the length of the shoes I are suiicient to span the gap formed by the chamfers 55. But, if the clutch is expected to be submitted to a great amount of slipping performance the upper and lower guides J, should be telescoped, where they meet to prevent ya clicking noise during the slippage performance.

The following is a description of the invention embodied in an automatic clutch and particularly illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14. In this construction the driving and driven shafts comparable tor the manually operated clutch, afore described are reversed, the part D1 of rotatable member D being rotatively attached to the driving shaft B2 instead of driven. shaft A1. The parts: gear C, trunnion blocks E., the shaft portions 39 and 4Q, spiral gears G and rotatable member D etc. are identical in this construction with that of the manually operated clutch and are not shown. For the purpose of 26, is formed by the difference in diameters of the main-part of driving shaft B2 and that portion of shaft B2 which flts into ball bearing 26. Shaft B, in the manually operated clutch construction, has three different diameters over its length (see Fig. 5), while driving shaft B2 has only two different diameters, except for the splined portion m5 (see Fig. 9). In the manually operated clutch, the rotatable member D is located on shaft B, in one direction longitudinally by a shoulder 35 on shaft B` abutting the end of the inner hub of part D1 of rotatable member D (see Fig. 5). A spring ring IUE', fitting into an annular groove IG'I in driving shaft B2 and one side of ring H15', abutting the end of the inner hub of part D1 of rotatable member D1, functions the same in the automatic clutch construction, as shoulder 35 in the manually operated clutch. Shoes I1 are keyed to and held on shaft portions it@ of the trunnion blocks E in the automatic construction in exactly the same manner that shoes I are keyed toand held on shaft portions S0 in the manually operated construction (see Figs 6 and 9).

A spider L is permanently splined to driving shaft B2 by splines |05 and spline ways IBB (see Figs. 9 and 11), and is located on shaft B2, from movement toward the driven end of the clutch, by the end of the hub HIB of the spider L, abutting the outer end of the hub part D1 of rotatable member D. A split ring IIB fits into an annular groove (not designated) in the portion of shaft B2, having splines IE5 and into annular receptacle iII in the spider L (see Fig. 11), and locates the spider L and prevents its movement toward the driving end of the clutch along shaft B2.

Rods I I2 t tightly in holes H3 in lugs H4 of the spider L and are held in place by tapered pins I I5 which enter the holes H6 inthe lugs H4 and holes in the rods H2. Integral with rods H2 are heads H1 at one set of their ends. The opposite endsof the rods I I2 are of smaller diameter than the main body of the rods H2 and where the larger diameters of these rods terminate and the smaller diameters begin, shoulders are formed. Rings H8 t snugly on the smaller diameters of the rods H2 and the sides, of the rings H8, abut the shoulders formed by the two different diameters of the rods H2.

The rings H8 are held tightly up against the shoulder of the rods I I2 by the conventional spring ring and groove construction on the small ends.

Guides J1, similar to guides J in the manually operated clutch, function both as guides and weights, responsive to the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the driving shaft with which guides J1 rotate, as will be explained more fully in that which follows. The inner cylindrical surfaces H9 (Fig. 12) of the guides J1 have the same curvature as the external cylindrical surfaces of shoes I1. When the clutch is declutched the inner cylindrical surfaces H9 of guides J1 t the external cylindrical surfaces of shoes I1 completely (see Figs. 9, 10 and 12) Lugs |20, integral with guides J1, have holes I2! in the ends of the bent links |23 and also elon-` gated holes I26 in projections I22 and pins |25 can turn and move longitudinally in elongated 1l holes |26. Pins |25 are held in pla-ce by heads ati one of their ends, larger than the holes they pierce and by the conventional spring ring and groove construction on the ends opposite their head ends. Bent links |23 are movably attached to guides J1 by pins |25.

Bifurcated projections |21 are integral with the spider L and have holes |28 near their ends. Bent links 23`ft movably `into the bifurcations of the projections |21 and pins |29 pierce the holes |28 of the projections |27 and holes in the mid portions of bent links |23 so that links |23 are free to rock on pins |29.- Pins |29 are held in position by heads, on one set of their ends, that are larger thanthe holes |28 of the projections |27 and by the conventional spring ring and groove constructions ony the ends of pins |29 opposite their head ends. The other ends of bent links |23 t movably into the bifurcations at the ends Oflinks |30. Pins |3| pierce the bifurcations of links |30 and one set of the ends of bent links |23 and fit loosely in holes therein so that links |23 and |30 may osoillate about pins |3|. Heads on one set of ends of the pins |3|, are larger than the holes pierced by them and the conventional spring ring and groove construction on the ends of pins |3| opposite the head ends, hold pins |3| in place and bent links I2 3 and |30 are connected to each` other and may move relatively to each other about pins |3 A member M has a disc portion |32 (Fig. 9) integral with it and is slidably splined on splined portion of driving shaft B2, by spline-ways |33 fitting over splines |05 of shaft B2 (see Figs. 9 and 14) and is connected to links |30 by pins |34. Projections |35' are integral with member M and have slots |36 therebetween into which the ends of links |30, movably f-lt. Pins |32 loosely pierce holesin the ends of the links |30 and the holes |31 in the projections |35, links |30 being free to oscillate about pins |34. Pins |34' are held in place by heads on their ends being larger than the holes they pierce and by the conventional spring ring groove construction on their ends opposite their head ends. Apertures |38 in disc portion. |32 of member M are for the purpose of preventing the ends of bent linksk |23 and links |30 striking disc portion |32'.

A spring Nv encircles the splined portion of shaft B2 and extends between the inner end of member M and the outer side of split ring H0 (see Fig. 9). The function of this spring is to urge the clutch parts to a declutched relation.

The entire mechanism is housed in housing H2 and the housing is smaller at the driving end than the driven end. Rotatable member D and its immediate mechanism is housed in the small part of the housing H2 and the mechanism, functioning to cause the clutch to be automatic, is housed in the large part of the housing. At the driving end of the clutch, the housing has a head H3, which ts conventionally into the main part of the'housing and bolts and holes (not shown) pierce the flangeof the part H2 of the housing and the head H3 of the housing and are threaded into the housing of the driving unit (notr shown) and parts H2 and H3 of the housing are held firmly together by these bolts. Driving shaft B2 is journaled in ball bearing |39, conventionally held in the head H3 of the housing.

A shaft |40 enters a boss portion lili and partiallyenters a boss portion |42 of the housing H3. Bushings |43" and |42 form bearings for the shaft |40 in boss portions |4| and |42 respectively. Hub |45, of shifting fingers |46 (Figs. 9 and 13),

12 is pierced by shaft |40 in a hole |41 and shifting lingers are located on shaft |40 and attached to it by taper pin |1428 piercing hole |139 in the hub |45 and hole |50 in shaft |40. A portion of shaft lllrprotrudes from boss portion |4| of the housing and has attached to it the hub of crank |5|, which shaft |00 pierces. The hub of the crank |5| is split and held tight on shaft |80 by a bolt |52. Crank |5| at its extreme outer end has a boss portion |53 having a hole |54 adapted to receive a pin to connect a link to crank |5| for the purpose of transmitting motion to crank |5|.

A cover plate |55 (Fig. 9) tson the top of the small portion of housing H2 and covers aperture |56. Bolts 5'! pierce holes in the cover plate |55 and are threaded in the ange por-tions |58 of the housing H2.

The declutching positions of the parts of the mechanism just described are shown in Figs. 9 and 10. When the declutching relative positions of the parts are had, their relative positions are as disclosed in Figs. 9'and l0. The spring N holds member M and its associated mechanism in a position to cause the inner cylindrical surfaces ||9 of guides J1 to engage outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I1 completely. When cylindrical surfaces I9 of guides J1 fit outer cylindrical surfaces of the shoes I1 as just described, trunnion blocks E cannot tilt in their bearings and the spiral gears G idle and no driving force is transmitted to driven shaft A1 by rotation of driving shaft B2 in either direction of rotation.

The force offered 'by' spring N to cause member M to take up the position as vshovvn in Figs. 9 and 10 determines the speedv at which driving shaft B2 must revolve to cause the centrifugal force, due to the rotation of guides J1, to overcome the force of spring N.' When this predetermined speed of shaft B2 is reached, guides J1 move outward away from the center of rotation and are guided by rods |2. The outward movenient of guides J1 continues until the outer ends of lugs |20 carried thereby Contact the inner sides of the-heads of the rods |2 and the inner sides ofthe rings I8 attached to one set ofv ends of rods I|2, as heads and rings ||8 function as stops to limit the outward movement of the guides J1. The movement of guides J1 outward causes the bent links |23 to be rocked on pins |29 which are held in projections |21 of spider L. This rocking'of bent links |23 causes their ends, connected to links |30 by pins |3|, to move inwardly toward the center of rotation and imparts this motion to the bfurcated ends of links |30 through pins |3| about which, both bent links |23 and links |30 are free to oscillate. This motion is transmitted to member M and causes member M to move over the splines |05 of shaft B2 toward the driven end of the clutch and to compress spring N, since spring N has one of its seats on the inner end of member M.

The guides J1, having reached their outward limit positions away from the center of rotation, the trunnion blocks; I]4 are permitted to tilt about their axes, since the shoes I1 keyed to the long shaft portions 40 of the trunnion blocks E may be tilted and clear the inside cylindrical surfaces ||9 of guides J1. Rotatable member D carrying the trunnion block E, about the spur gear C, during the rotation of rotatable member D splined to driving shaft Bz, causes the tops of the teeth of the spiral gears G to contact the bottom of the tooth spaces of spur gear C, if the shoesl1 are permitted' to be tilted, which in turn permits the trunnion blocks Eto tilt on their axes and turn the axes of the spiral gears G, carried Aby the trunnion blocks E, about the axes of the shaft portions of trunnion blocks E, which permits the tops of the teeth of spiral gears G to contact the bottoms of the tooth spaces of spur gear C and driving connection is had between the driving shaft B2 and driven shaft A1, as long as the tops of teeth of the spiral gears G, contact the bottom of the tooth spaces of spur gear C. It is not necessary to cut the spiral gear teeth and spur gear teeth so that the tops of the spiral gear teeth fully contact the bottom of the tooth spaces of the spur gear C to secure a lookup of the gearing, but it is the preferable way to cut the teeth.

It Was stated heretofore, that when the speed of driving shaft B2 and the guides J1, which revolves with shaft B2, attained a speed at which the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of guides J1 (which also function as weights, responsive to centrifugal force), that guides J1 moved immediately outward to the limit of their outward movement. The reason for this performance of guides J1 is because the spring N and chain of links are so designed that once the initial force of the spring N is overcome and the spring N is compressed slightly, the centrifugal force, due to the movement of the guides J1 farther away from the center of rotation, increases and the mechanial advantage cf the guides J1 over the spring N increases due the changing positions of the chain of links and the 4sum of these increases is greater than the into keep the guides J1 to their outward limit positions, if thev speed of shaft B2 be decreased sufficiently to a predetermined speed, the centrifugal force exerted by the rotation of guides J1, trans-- mitted through the chain of links to compress the spring N will be decreased, and spring N will elongate and push member M over splines |95' on driving shaft B2, This movement of member M will cause the bifurcated ends of links |35] to be moved outwardly away from the center of rotation which in turn cause the ends of bent links |23, fitting into the bifurcation of links |35 and connected to links |30 by pins ltl, to be moved outwardly away from the center of rotation. Bent links |23, due to the movement of their ends outward, as just described are rocked on pins |29. This rocking of bent links |23 causes the ends of bent links |23, attached to projections |22 of guides J1, to be moved inwardly toward the center of rotation and forces guides J1 to move inwardly toward the center of rotation. Guides J1 moving inwardly cause the lugs |2il carried thereby to slide over rods |12 until the inner cylindrical surfaces is of guides J1 contact the o-uter cylindrical surfaces of shoes I1. This movement inwardly of guides J1 contacting the shoes I1, causes the shoes I1 to tilt until the inner surfaces of guides J1 contact completely the outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I1. The tilting of shoes I1, which are keyed to the long shaft portions iii of the trunnion blocks E (see Fig. 5), tilt the trunnion blocks E so that spiral gears G are moved into positions in which they idle and do not transmit any driving force to gear C and the clutch parts'are in the declutch ing relation to each other.

If during the performance, when the spring N spur gear C2.

is depressed and the driving shaft B2 is transmitting its rotations to driven shaft A1, it would be required to cause a declutching of the clutch, this could be accomplished by pushing crank |5| away from the observer when Viewing Fig. 10. This movement of crank |5| rotates shaft |40. When shaft Idil is rotated as just described, shifting ngers Mt rotate therewith and the semi-circular projections on the tips of the ngers (see Fig. 13) contact the disc portion |32 integral with member M and member Mis moved over the splines |65 of the driving shaft B2 and this movement of member M causes the inner cylindrical surfaces i I9 of guides J1 to completely contact the outer cylindrical surfaces of shoes I1 and the declutching relation exists and declutching has been accomplished manually.

Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 disclose a design of an automatic clutch embodying the invention and particularly adapted for light duty, such as would be required in the construction of passenger automotive vehicles. In this construction a housing R, encloses the mechanism and functions as a f support for the main bearings ofthe driving shaft B3 and the driven shaft A2 and also functions as a lubricant container. The housing R is made in three parts, having heads R1 and R2. I-IeadlR1 is bolted to the main body of the housing by bolts (not shown), which pierce the head R1 through holes li and are threaded in holes |6| in the main body of the housing. And similar bolts (not shown) pierce the head R2 through holes |52 andare threaded in holes |63 in the main body of the housing and head R2 is firmly bolted to the main body of the housing. Both heads R1 and'R2 nt into the main body of the housing in the usual conventional manner.

Driving shaft B3 is journaled in ball bearing |64, conventionally held in head R1 of the housing, and is journaled at its extreme inner end in ball bearing |65, in receptacle |66 in spur gear C2, integral with driven shaft A2. The mid portion of driving shaft B3 has spline and splineways, whose outside diameter is greater than the diameters of the two ends of driving shaft B3. The outer end of driving shaft B3 is formed to receive a conventional face plate or its equivalent, that will facilitate its connection with the shaft of the power unit, and the inner end of driving shaft B3 nts into the inner ring of ball bearing |65.

A spider s is splined to the mid portion of driving shaft B3 and a side of ring |61, pierced by the small inner end of driving shaft B3, abuts the ends of the splines of driving shaft B3, and the end of the inner hub of spider S. The other side of ring |61 abuts the inner ring of ball bearing |65, which is held in receptacle |66 of driven One side of ring |58, pierced by the outer end of driven shaft A2, abuts the outer side of spur gear C2 andi the other side of ring |68 abuts the inner ring of ball bearing |69; ball n bearing |69 journalling driven shaft A2 and being conventionally held in head R2 of the housing. Thus, driving shaft B3, spider s, ring |61, spur gear C2 and driven shaft A2 are all prevented from moving longitudinally toward the driven end of the clutch.

The end of the hub of the spider S toward the driving end of the clutchhas an annular receptacle |1| into which tsa split ring |10. Split ring |10 nts into an annular groove |12 in driving shaft B2 and the spider S is prevented from moving longitudinally along driving shaft B3 toward the driving end of the clutch. The ends of the Asplines of .driving shaft B3, at the driving end of vshaft portions |19.

l the clutch', abut the inner ring of ball bearing |54 to prevent driving shaft B3 moving toward the driving end of the clutch.

Spider. S, being splined to driving shaft B3, rotates with driving shaft B3. Lugs |13 are integral with spider S and rods ,T pierce one set of lugs |13 through holes |14 and t tightly in holes |15 in the other set of lugs |13. The rods T are held rmly in lugs |13 of spider S by taper pins |16. Lugs |11 are integral with weights W and are slidable over rods T. Springs V are lin tension and one set of the ends of springs V are attached to the lugs |11 of one of the weights W and the other set of ends of spring V are attached to the lugs |11 of the other weight W and the two weights are pulled toward the center of rotation of the clutch by the springs V.

Swivel members Y function the same as the trunnion blocks in the foregoing description. One set of ends of these swivel members Y have bifurcations |18 and the other set of ends have Shafts |8| t tightly into holes |89 in the bifurcations |18 and are held in place by taper pins (not shown) which pierce one furcation of each member Y, through holes |82 and the shafts |8|. Spiral gears G2, which mesh with spur gear C2, are mounted on shafts |8|, on roller bearings (not shown) and are free to rotate about shafts |8|. Shaft portions |19 of swivel members Y, are journaled in flanged bushings |83 located in holes |84 in spider S (see Fig. 15). The fiat surfaces of flange portions |85 of the swivel members Y abut bosses on the spider. S and prevent shaft portions |19 from moving longitudinally towardV the driving end of the clutch.

Dogs X are keyed to the parts of the shaft portions |19, that protrude beyond the spider S, by keys and keyways IBB (see Fig. 15). The conventional spring ring and groove constructions |81 locate dogs X on shaft portions |19 so that dogs X cannot move along shaft portion |19 toward the driving end of the clutch. Bosses |88 on dogs X abut flange portions of bushings |83 and since the flat surfaces of flange portions |85 abut bosses on spider S, the shaft portions |19 of swivel members Y are located in spider S and the swivel members Y are free to turn in spider S.

Inside surfaces |89 of weights W are adapted to Contact surfaces |90 of the dogs X, and when the weights W are in their limit positions toward the center of rotation of the clutch members, surfaces |89 and |99 have their maximum surface contact and the dogs X are held in their full line lpositions as disclosed in Fig. 16. When the dogs X are in their full line positions as disclosed in Fig. 16, since dogs X are keyed to shaft portionsV |19 of swivel members Y, swivel members Y are in positions in which the spiral gears G2 will idle if driving shaft B3 is rotating.

Springs V normally cause surfaces |89 of weights W and surfaces |90 of dogs X to be in maximum contact, since springs V normally pull weight W toward the center of rotation of the clutch parts.

Projections |92 of the weights W (see Fig. 16) are adapted to fit into notches |9| in the outer extremities of the dogs H when they contact each other. When the weights W are moved to their maximum position away from the center of rotation, due to centrifugal force caused by the rotation of shaft B3, shaft portions |19 of swivel members Y turn in their bushings |83 since spiral gears G2 meshing with spur gears C2 cause the swivel members Y vto tilt, which in turn cause their shaft portions |19 to turn, all which is more fully explained in the description of the operation of the clutch. Dogs X, being keyed to shaft portions |19, turn with the shaft portions |19 and when the weights W move outwardly, the dogs move into positions such that the projections |92 of the weights W enter the notches 9| of the dogs X and the dogs X are locked in the position they have taken up until the weights W move inwardly toward the center of rotation of the clutch parts.

Bifurcated projections |93 are integral with weights W, and one of these projections is shown broken away in Fig. 16. One set of ends of links |94 t into the bifurcation of one of the projections |93 and pins |95 Afit tightly in holes in the bifurcations of projections |93 and fit loosely in holes in one set of ends of links |94 and links |94 are free to oscillate about pins |95. Pins |95 are held in place by having heads, on one set of their ends, that fit against the sides of one set of furcations of projections |93 and by the conventional spring ring and groove constructions at their other set of ends. The other set of ends of links |94, t into bifurcation of projections |96 which are integral with shifting member Z. Pins |91 t tightly in the bifurcation of projections |96 and loosely in links |94 and links |94 are free to oscillate about pins 91. These pins |91 are held in place by having heads on one set of their ends and by the conventional spring ring and groove constructions at their other set of ends.

Shifting member Z is movably splined on driving shaft B3. An annular groove |98 in shifting member Z is adapted to receive the ends of shifting fingers |99. Shifting fingers |99 are rotatively attached in any suitable manner to shaft 200. Shaft 200 is journaled in any suitable manner in the sides of the housing (not shown), protrudes on the outside of the housing and is adapted to receive a link (also not shown) for the purpose of transmitting rotative movement to the shaft 200.

Two partial semi-circular brake shoes 202 have braking surfaces 203, which are adapted to contact braking surfaces 204 formed on the inside of the head R2 of the housing (see Figs. 15 and 18). Projections 205, integral with brake shoes 202, t slidably into grooves 206 in the end of spur gear C2 and these grooves 206 and projections 205 form guides for the movement of the brake shoes 202. A semi-circular shaped annular groove 201 in the outside surface of the brake shoes 202, receives a circular coil spring 208 which completely encircles both brake shoes 202 and normally holds the brake surfaces 203 of the brake shoes 202 against the brake surface 204 formed on the inside of the head R2 of the housing and prevents spur gear CZ from turning when spiral gears G2 are idling and prevents drag as this term has been defined in the foregoing. A ring 209 fits tightly on the outside cylindrical surface of the end projection of spur gear C2 and functions to limit the travel of the brake shoes outwardly away from the center of rotation of the clutch parts when the brake shoes 202 respond to centrifugal force. This is accomplished by the outer ends of projections `295, integral with the brake shoes 202, contacting the inside surface of ring 209. Brake shoes 202 are prevented from moving longitudinally in one direction by their inner faces slidably abutting the face on the end of spur gear C2 and prevented from moving in the other direction longitudinally by 17l the surfaces 2|0 of the brake shoes 202 (see Fig. 18), slidably contacting the inner flat surface of ring |68 (see Fig. 15).

The following is a description of the operation of the mechanism just described. Assuming that the driving shaft B3 is rotating in either direction of rotation at a speed insufficient to cause the -weights W, due to centrifugal force, to move outwardly away from the center of rotation and overcome the pull of the springs V, then the swivel members Y will be held by contact of the inner surfaces |89 of the weights W with the surfaces |90 of dogs X, in the positions such that the spiral gears G2 will idle as the rotation of the spider carries them around spur gear C2 and no power will be transmitted by the driving shaft B3 to driven gear C2. During this idling of spiral gears G2, the force required to idle spiral gears G2, tends to drive spur gear C2, but circular spiral spring 208 holds the surfaces 203 of brake shoes 202 against the brake surface 204 and the friction between these two brake surfaces 203 and 204 prevents spur gear C2 from rotating. Spur gear C2 being integral with driven shaft A2, it follows that no driving power willV be transmitted to driven shaft A2 dueto the idling of spiral gears G2. In the foregoing manner, this characteristic of drag so common in the performance of automatic clutches is eliminated.

Assuming, that the driving shaft B3 and spider S are rotating in either direction of rotation and have reached a predetermined speed at which the weights W will overcome the pull of springs V, the weights will move outwardly away from the center of rotation due to centrifugal force until the lugs |11 of the weights W have firmly contacted the lugs |13 integral with spider S. Since the inner surfaces |89 of the weights W have moved away from the surfaces |90 of the dogs X when the lugs |11 of the weights W have contacted the lugs |13, spider S carrying the spiral gears G2 around spur gear lC2 causes shaft portions |19 of the swivel members Y to turn in the `bushings |83 in the spider S land dogs X may now turn from their full line positions to their broken line positions, as disclosed in the upper half of Fig. 16. This turning movement of swivel member Y permits the tops ofthe teeth of spiral gears G2 to contact the bottom of the tooth spaces of gear C2 and a positive driving connection is established between'spiral gears G2 and spur gear C2. When'the weights W moved outwardly away from the center of rotation and the dogs X ,turned to their broken line positions shown in the upper half of Fig. 16, one set of projections |92, integral with the weights W, entered and fitted into notches |9| of dogs X, as shown in broken lines in Fig. 16. When these projections |92 aretted into these notches |9| of. the dogs X, the dogs X are lockedagainst turning in either direction and any force tending to turn them only exerts a side thrust on the rods T. vWhen spiralgears G2 have positive driving connection, as afore described, with spur gear C2, this driving connection cannot be disrupted until the weightsW move inwardly toward the center of rotation. This.

can be caused only by the shaft B3 and spider S having a speed less than the predetermined-speed so that the springs V exert a greater pull inward toward the center of rotation than the weights W, due to centrifugal force, would `exert out-` wardly away from the center of rotation. When the weights W start to move in toward the center of rotation the outward sloping sidesof theprojections |92 and theinwardsloping sides ofthe notches |9| of the dogs X coinciding result in an incline plane construction that gives a large mechanical advantage to the movements of the weights inwardly toward the center of rotation, which transmitted through the swivel members Y, gives the movement of the weights inwardly, as just described, a large mechanical advantage to cause rolling of spiral gears G2 out of positive driving connection with spur gear C2. When or shortly after a positive driving connection is had between spiral gears G2 and a spur gear C2, brake shoes 202, responding to the centrifugal force due to their rotation with spur gear C2, overcome the force of circular spiral spring 208 and the brake shoes 202 move outwardly away from the center of rotation and the brake surfaces 203 of the brake shoes clear the brake surface 204 formed on the inside of head R2 of the housing.

When the speed of the driving shaft B3 and spider S become sufficiently less than a predetermined speed, the springs V overcome the centrifugal force of the weights W and turn dogs X about their axes until the inner surfaces |89 of the weights W have maximum surface contact with surfaces |90 of the dogs X. This turning of the dogs X turns swivel members Y and causes spiral gears G2 to roll out of positive driving con nection with spur gear C2, spiral gears G2 being carried by swivel members Y as afore described. Thus, the driving connections between the driving shaft B3 and driven shaft A2 are disconnected and since the inner surfaces |89 of the weights W are in maximum Surface contact with the surfaces |90 of the dogs X, the spiral gears G2 are in position to idle and no driving force is imlparted to driven spur gear C2.

When the positive driving connections between spiral gears G2 and spur gear C2 are disrupted, ordinarily the speed of spur gear C2 and driven shaft A2 would decrease until the circular coil spring 208 would overcome the centrifugal force offered by the revolving brake shoes 202 and the braking surfaces 203 of the brake shoes would be caused to contact the braking surface 204 and the friction established between the braking surfaces 203 and 204 would retard or stop the rotations of spur gear C2 and driven shaft A2. If for any reason during the performance of the clutch, the driven shaft A2 attempted to rotate faster than the driving shaft B3 while the driving shaft B3 was at the time rotating at or faster than said predetermined speed of the driving shaft B3, it would be necessary that the torque of the driven shaft A2 be of such magnitude as to tend to increase the speed of the driving shaft B3. But, if the speed of the driving shaft B3 was at a lower speed than said predetermined speed of shaft B3 such that the driving connections between spiral gears G2 and spur gear C2 were disrupted, and for any reason the driven shaft A2 attempted to rotate faster than the driving shaft B3 at that time, there would be no resistance offered' -by the driving shaft B3 to this faster speed of the driven shaft A2, which would also I mean a faster speed of spur gear C2, integral with driven shaft A2, and the faster speed of spur gear C2 would only cause spiral gears G2 to idle at a faster speed about their own axes of rotation than they would otherwise idle.

The two sets of projections |92, integral with thelweights W, and the two sets of notches |9| in dogs X areV not operative at the same time.

The reason for providing these two sets of proangina 1'9 tion of rotation; one set of projections? I92aild one set of notches I9I beingmoperativefwhenithey clutch is driven in one direction and the father: set ofprojections I 92 vand notches I9I being oper- T of5@thar weights.i We causesf dogs X- 'to'f tur-n" from' theirfbrokenzline Ip'ositinslt'o their fulllineposil tions as disclosed in Fig. 16. Dogs'Xf-b'eing' keyed to shaft .portionsy I `I9frofiswivel members'Ytfturn ative-when the clutch is driven-intheopposite 5 swivel members YsothatlspiralgearsC-Z; carried direction.

Sincenthe pull of springs V, becomesgreater asthey are elongated by themovement of.; the weights W outwardly from-thercenterof rotation and their pull isdirectly on the .weightsW, lnot 10 being modified in anywayjbyV a combinationof' link connections beforefthe predetermined speed of driving shaft B3 is Aattained atwhichthe mairiev mum elongationsofrthe springsiV are-had, a

slippage performance of the clutch .can'x-behad" 15 of the shaft portions.I'I9 v-of-the swivel members 20v spirals; but' in; thiswonstpuctongth centers 'of Y, or in other words, when the spiralv gears G2 are in some positions between ,theiridling posi-.- tions and their positions in-which the tops of the teeth of spiral gears G2 contact the bottom of the tooth spaces of spur gear C2. gears G2 are in some of these lintermediatelposif'l tions vandare being carried-about spun-.gear C2 by the spider S, they willimpart some driving force tothe spur gear C2 by only.partiallyidling.

as they are carried around gear C2 by the rotas 304v tion ofV spider S, comparable to the :full idling; that would occur if spur` gear C2 was at rest., The. amount of slippage is, controlled to someextent by the pull `oiered by circular coil spring 208 to cause :frictionv betweenthe lbraking surfaces 203'- 35 into annular groove I 98 in shifting memberZ, andk 45 are suitably rotatively attached ,to -shaft.200.'- When the shaft 200, which-,isadapted `to berov tated manually, as afore described, `is rotated-z` counterclockwise (see Fig. l5), the shifting iingersA |99 move shifting member Z toward the spider -S 50: ond-geargbinggmountefin Said' member for'ro.'

and weights W are moved away from the center: of rotation and, if driyingshaft B3 is rotating-at any speed, positive driving connections areihad between spiral gears G2 and spur gear C2 since .the

swivel members Y are permitted to-turn aboutthe.; 55A- axes of their shaft portions I'I9, as the weights ,Wf have been moved to their-maximum outward-po; sition, and dogs X may turn, dogsX beingikeyedf to shaft portions IIS. Thisvpermitting ofathe When the f spiral Likewise,

bygswivel members Y; arelrolled outfoftheirfposi# tive drivingconnections' with spurfge`a`r"C2 and into their idlingapositionsl'- When'th'eishif-ting memberl Z-isfat1itsnearest pontlof travel toward' spider` S; ,the rpositionslof links'f-l 94 relativefto-th weights; W and'rshifting memberN Z produce-a mechanical'.advantage,.iavorableto'the flrcefape plied'tto' if th'e l shiftingin'g'ers 99 to f disrupt the drive,since.the positions :of the links 'faior'dth'e 1 advantage ot a'toggle ioint Spiral-1 gearsf: have'- beenff employed inall'- the designs ofY clutches -inthisapplicating because "oftheir.,V quietwoperation -and'positive action in this typeormechanismi. Spur gears "can replace the oscillation ofithe trunnion blocks br'swi'vel mem-l bers must-be nearerthe common' center of rota-i tionof therdrivingand driven"shafts,'and prefer' ably Abetween;.the-1pitch'circle 'of the driven' spur gear; lintegral'fwith the Fdriven lshaft,` and the commonfcenterlfot.rotation-ici the 'driving Aand drivenrshafts. l Thisi-:sp'ur- 1' gearconstruction is disclosed Y :in v.applicants'alaaii'donedl application, Serial No. 600,084, iledfJuie1831945.

I Claim' C 1.` Ay .clutch.:havingl aYV diiviig Yelei'rientf andl a driven elementllrotatableflabot a common axis, the combination therewith `offa gear having a driving .connection `4witlfione of`=said-eleme'nts, `a l member mounted inlth other"element for ro'- tation relative theretoja'second gear,'s'aid second gear being smounted'infsaid member Y for rotation" relative thereto andradapted tome'sh with the rst said -gear,LY-"saidfm'embfer and-said second gear being rotatabl'effabout'A diiferntaxes; the axi's of rotation 'ofs'saidl` memberbeing'fspacedl from the axis ,ofgcthef iir'stgear 'and A*manually operated meansfto'- contrcl'tlielrotatioir of said member."

2.-1A1c1utch havinglfa jdriving element and a driven :elementirotatamf'about 'a common axis, the:combinatiorrtherewith-of a gear `having a driving connectio'riiwith-one :of said elements, a memberLmounted-fin--th other'element for rotationif-relativ'e thereto; yfa 'second gear, said secthe"rst..g`ear', saidmemberland' saidisecond 'gear beingirotatable'abo'ut'idiifrent axesj'the axis of rotation.ofls'aidI lmemberAl being" spaced Afrom the turning or tilting of swivel membersY, allows`A x-the combination therewith-cfa gearhaving a spiral gears G2 to tilt andthe topsiof-,theirteeth` to contact the bottom of the tooth spaces of rspur gear C2 and positiveA driving connectionsare had.`

between spiral gears G2 and spur gear C2.'-

driving connectionf'with-'oneofsaidy elements, a member'mountedfin the-futher element for rotatiorrrrelativef there'tb,Y -a second gear, Asaid 'second gearrfb'eing 'mountedlin said v member for rotation When positive driving connections-are had, be.-. -"melative'fthereto land-adapted tdmesh with the tween spiral gears G2 and spurgear C2, theweights W are'at theirv maximum distancegfrom the center of rotation and the shifting memberxZ is at the nearest point of its travel toward ther:

spider S. If shaft 200 be rotated clockwise -(see fmeansfr-tof'controll theE "rotation y'of' said member" Fig. 15)- under .theseconditiona shifting lfingers |99, will move shifting` member Z to its positions; as shown in Fig. 15, and through links'l94and their connections, Vweights, W are pulledzinwardly.

toward theCenteTf-Of rotation? Thisnrlovementr driventelementotatable*about-a commonaxis;

rst gear`,'sai'dmember and said second gear being rotatable? about-dieent axesfthef'axis 'of rotationiof lsai'dlfmember b'eingspacedffrom the aXiszofi the.' first ffgea'r; gand manually operated and :alsdfunctioningfas 'abrake lto resist rotal tionL-of theldrivriff'element'when disruption' of thefdriving connections 'exist"4 Y l 4. .clutclihavingA-a driving `elementandv a the combination therewith of a gear having a driving connection with one of said elements, a member mounted in the other element for rotation relative thereto, a second gear, said second gear being mounted in said member for rotation relative thereto, and adapted to mesh with the rst gear, said member and said second gear being rotatable about different axes, the axis of rotation of said member being spaced from the axis of the first gear, automatic means to control the rotation of said member dependent on the speed of one of said elements, and means to offer resistance to the rotation of the driven element until a predetermined speed of said element is attained.

5. A clutch having a driving element and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a gear having a driving connection with one of said elements, a member mounted in the other element for rotation relative thereto, a second gear, said second gear being mounted in said member for rotation relative thereto and adapted to mesh with the iirst gear, said member and said second gear being rotatable about different axes, the axis of rotation of said member being spaced from the axis of the first gear, automatic means to control the rotation of said member, means to offer resistance to the rotation of the driven element until a predetermined speed of said element is attained ,and manually operated means over-riding said automatic control means to manually control the rotation of said member.

6. A clutch having a driving element and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a driven gear carried by one of said elements to rotate therewith, a gear adapted to act as a driving member and adapted to mesh with said driven gear, means rotatably carried by the other of said elements for supporting said driving member for rotation about its own axis and for rotation of its own axis about a second axis spaced from the axis of rotation of said driven gear and manually operated means to control the rotation of said driving member about said second axis of rotation.

'7. A clutch having a driving element, and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a driven gear earried by one of said elements to rotate therewith, a gearadapted to act as a driving member and adapted to mesh with said driven gear, means rotatably carried by the other of said elements for supporting said driving member for rotation about its own axis and for rotation of its own axis about a second axis spaced from the axis of rotation of said driven gear and automatic means to control the rotation of said driving member about said second axis of rotation dependent on the speed of one of said elements.

8. A clutch having a driving element and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a driven gear carried by one of said elements to rotate therewith,

a gear adapted to act as a driving member and adapted to mesh with said driven gear, means rotatably carried by the other of said elements for supporting said driving member, for rotation about its own axis and for rotation of its own axis about a second axis spaced from the axis of rotation of said driven gear and manually operated means to control the rotation of said driving member about said second axis of rotation and also functioning as a brake to resist the rotation of the driven element when disruption of the driving connections exists.

9. A clutch having a driving element, and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a driven gear carried by one of said elements to rotate therewith, a gearadapted to act as a driving member and adapted to mesh with said driven gear, `means rotatably carried by the other of said elements for supporting said driving member for rotation about its own axis and for rotation of its own axis about a second axis spaced from the axis of rotation of said driven gear, automatic means to control the rotation ofl said driving member about said second axis of rotation dependent on the speed of one of said elements and means to offer resistance to the rotation of the driven element until a predetermined speed of said element is attained.

10. A clutch having a driving element, and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a driven gear car.- ried by one of said elements to rotate therewith, a gear adapted to act as a driving member and adapted to mesh with said driven gear, means rotatably carried by the other of saidelements for supporting said driving member for rotation about its own axis and for rotation of its own axis about a second axis spaced from the axis of rotation of said driven gear, automatic means to control the rotation of said driving member about said second axis of rotation dependent on the speed of one of said elements, means to offer resistance to the rotation of the driven element until a predetermined speed of said element is attained and manualh7 operated means overriding said automatic control means to manually control the rotation of said member about said second axis of rotation.

11. A clutch having a driving element and a driven element rotatable about a common axis, the combination therewith of a gear having a driving connection with one of said elements, a member mounted in the other element for rotation relative thereto about an axis parallel to the axis of said gear, a spiral gear mounted in said 'member for rotation relative thereto and adapted 12. A clutch having a driving element and a driven element rotatable about a common axis,-

the combination therewith of a gear havingy a driving connection with one of said elements, a member mounted in the other element for rotation relative thereto about an axis parallel to the axis of said gear, a spiral gear mounted in said member for rotation relative thereto and adapted to mesh with irst said gear and manually operated means to control the rotation of said member and also functioning as a brake to resist rotation of the driven element when disruption of the driving connections exists.

13. A clutch having a driving element and a driven element rotatable about a common axis,

the combination therewith of a gear having a driving connection with one of said elements, a

member mounted in the other element for rotation relative thereto about an axis parallel to the axis of said gear, a spiral gear mounted in said I driven elementirotatablelabout a commonfaxis,"

the ,combination Y,therewith r of a gear having a driving :connection lwith vone of said 'e1ements`,"`a member-mounted in' the .other elementior rotation relative thereto about .an axisM parallel to theV axisl of saidwgear, aspiral gearmounted' insaid member for rotation relative-thereto` andfadapt# ed-totmesh withgrst'said gear, automatic means? to .control Atheirotationo'f said me'mberidependent4 onrthespeed'ofxone of ysaid"e1e'ments and addi# tional :means to offer resistance tothe 'rotation' of .the driven: element untila predetermined speed of said element. isattained 1'- 115'. A clutch fhaving aidriving elementand ``a drivenielement'rotatable about a common axis,l thecombination 1 therewith of a gear'having a drivingeconnection with one -of said elements, '-a-- member mounted in the other element for rota' tion relative theretoabout an axis parallel to the axis ofsaid gear, a; spiral gear mountedin'fsaid memberfor rotation relative thereto and adapt-l edto ymesh with first said gear, automatic means'- to. control the rotationl of said member depend-v ent on the speed ,of one of said elements,`addi tionalfmeansftooffer resistance to therotationfof the drivenzelementz' until a predetermined'spe'ed of saidelementis attained-`V and manually operated means over-riding said automatic 'control means-:to manually control the rotation of said member. s 'f i 16. A clutch .havingadriving element and a drivenelement rotatable about al common axis, thecombination-therewithfof a gear having a driving connection. with oneof: said elements, a member mountedonithe other element for rotation relative thereto,`f asecond gear, said second' gear being mounted'in said memberfor rotationl relative thereto and adapted to mesh with--the iirst said gear, said member and-said second gear'being rotatable aboutdinerent axes,-v the axis. f rotation of` said `member being located between vthe pitch circle ofthe firstsaid gear and the commonaxis of rotation of said elements,-

to control the roandamanually operated means tation of said member.y

1'7. A clutch *havinga driving' element and-a driven element rotatable vabout a common-axis:

the combination therewith of l'a gear having` a driving connection With one of said elements, a member 'mounted on the-other elementfor -rotation relative thereto, a second gear, said secondi`4v gear-.being mounted insaid member for-r0ta' tionrelative thereto, and adapted tomesli withv the iirst gear, said member and said's'econd gear being rotatable about different axes, the. axis l'of rotation'of said member being located `between the pitch circle ofthe first said'gear and the common .axis of rotation ofsaid elements and -1 automatic means kto 'control therotatiori'of said' 18. A clutch having a drivingv element and' a "i member dependent on the speed of one of said elements. H i

driven element rotatable about av common axis,

f' tion of the drivenelm'ent luntil-a predetermined first gear, said member and said second gear matic means'to control the 'rotations ,of saidv elementsand means tofofferresistance to the Erospeed ofsaid element isattainedll y. y Y,

I$19.' A clutch' having a driving elementlanda driven k"element rotatable about a common axis,

the combination therewith ora lgearhaving a'. driving? connection with one of said elements, 'a member mounted onftheother-Aelement forrota-j tion-relati've lthereto; second gear, said ysecond gear being 'mounted in said-member 'for *rotation* relativetheret'o andadafpted to-'n'esh witnthe being'rotatable abutfdii'erent axes,' v`the axis' of rotation of saidmember being `located` between the'pitch circle ofthe first said gear and the common axis of rotation of said elements, automember dependent on the speed of one of said elements', additional means to offer resistance to` the'rotation of the driven element until a prede? termined speed of said elementl attained andl manually operated -means overl-riding said autothe combination therewith of a gear having' a 1' driving connection with one o-f -saidelements, Vva member mounted on the other element for 'rota-' tionrelative thereto, a second gear,said sec-= ond gear being mounted in said 'member for l rotation relative thereto,y and adapted fto mesh. withthe iirst gearsaid member and-said second gear being rotatableabout different axes, the

axis of. rotation of said `member being located between the .pitch circle of vthe first 'said gear-and the common axis of rotation of said elements,

mati'ccontrol' means to manually control the rotation of said member. 7

20; A clutch havin'gapair of elements.' rotat-j able'about a common' axis, thecvombination` therewith of a gear carrieclbyV one ofsaid ele' ments to rotate therewith,a gearfadaptedto act as a driving member and adapted to mesh with the first said gear, means 'rotatablycarried by the otherof said 'elements for support of said drivingmember for 'rotation about its ownaxis andfor" rotationy of 'its own ai'risabout an axis spaced from thecommon axis of rotation of the said elements and automatic means dependent on the'speed of one of said elements to establish and disrupt'driving connections between the said driving member andthe -rst said gear'at'predetermined speeds'of'one ofsaid elements.V l'

of oneof said elements to establishand disrupt drivingconnections between lthe said l driving member and the viirst said gear at predetermined Y speeds of one of said elements and meansto offer resistance to the rotation of one of said elements until va vpredetermined speed of last said element is attained. l

vCARROLL H. RICHARDS.

. REFERENCES CITED The following 'references are of record in the vfile of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name I Date v 1,946,877 Parker Feb. 13, 1934 2,044,475 Kelly June 16, 1936 2,407,099 Richards Sept. 3, 1946 g FOREIGN PATENTS Number CountryV Date" 10,425 Great Britain of 1908 

